Тип публикации: статья из журнала
Год издания: 2025
Идентификатор DOI: 10.17223/19988613/94/19
Ключевые слова: national character, mental makeup, ussr, nation, national psychology, национальный характер, психический склад, дискуссия, ссср, национальная психология
Аннотация: Рассматривается советский опыт изучения концепции национального характера через призму трех периодов. Цель данного исследования - выявить особенности развития теоретических и методологических особенностей концепции национального характера в рамках советской науки. В первом периоде показано два взгляда на концепцию с позиции советскПоказать полностьюих ученых и русской эмиграции. Первая волна дискуссий, вызванная внутри и внешнеполитическими факторами, возникает во второй половине 1960-х гг. Второй этап дискуссий обозначил большой методологический кризис в исследовании национального характера. Автор заявляет об отсутствии конфликта интересов. The article examines the Soviet experience of studying the concept of national character through the prism of three periods. The purpose of this study is to identify the specific features of the development of theoretical and methodological features of the concept of national character within the framework of Soviet science. The first period shows two views on the concept from the standpoint of Soviet scientists and Russian emigration. Significant work within the Soviet Union was done by G.G. Shpet, who proposed the term "ethnic psychology" and created the groundwork for the typological consideration of ethnic groups. The peculiarity of this period is that since the early 1930s, the development of the concept of national character within the USSR ceased for more than thirty years, but it was carried out by scientists in emigration (I.L. Solonevich, I.A. Ilyin, L.P. Karsavin). The first wave of discussions arose in the second half of the 1960s, caused by both foreign policy factors (decolonization processes) and ethnic processes occurring in the zone of Soviet influence. A distinctive feature of this period is the major debate on the existence of national character, initiated by I. Kon, as well as controversial issues related to the definition of the concepts of "nation", "ethnos" and "nationality" in the context of the development of the theory of ethnos. The result was the recognition of the existence of national character as a national phenomenon. The second stage of the discussions marked a major methodological crisis in the study of national character. To resolve this crisis, two solutions were put forward - the use of methodology from related disciplines with ethnography and the development of psychological methods for studying ethnic processes. Among the aspects that significantly complicated the development of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the concept were critics of American methods (modal personality, basic personality structure) and class theory, which required theoretical and ideological coordination with the postulates of K. Marx, V.I. Lenin, I.V. Stalin. One of the ways out of this situation was undertaken by A.Ya. Gurevich, who in the late 1980s began to develop the theory of mentalities. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
Журнал: Вестник Томского государственного университета. История
Выпуск журнала: № 94
Номера страниц: 154-162
ISSN журнала: 19988613
Место издания: Томск
Издатель: Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет